Welcome to The Coding College! This tutorial focuses on using loops with Java arrays. Arrays and loops work seamlessly together to process and manipulate data efficiently. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll understand how to iterate over arrays using different types of loops.
Why Use Loops with Arrays?
When working with arrays, you often need to perform repetitive tasks, such as accessing each element, modifying values, or applying calculations. Loops make these tasks efficient and concise.
Accessing Array Elements Using Loops
Example: Accessing Elements with a for
Loop
public class ArrayLoopExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
System.out.println("Element at index " + i + ": " + numbers[i]);
}
}
}
Output
Element at index 0: 10
Element at index 1: 20
Element at index 2: 30
Element at index 3: 40
Element at index 4: 50
Explanation: The for
loop iterates through the array by using the index i
.
Using a for-each
Loop
The for-each
loop (enhanced for
loop) is a simpler way to iterate over arrays, especially when you don’t need the index.
Example
public class ForEachLoopExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] fruits = {"Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"};
for (String fruit : fruits) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}
}
}
Output
Apple
Banana
Cherry
Explanation: The for-each
loop automatically iterates over each element in the array.
Nested Loops with Multi-Dimensional Arrays
When working with multi-dimensional arrays, nested loops are used to access elements.
Example: Iterating Over a 2D Array
public class MultiDimensionalArrayLoop {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
Output
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Explanation:
- The outer loop iterates through the rows.
- The inner loop iterates through the columns of each row.
Modifying Array Elements Using Loops
Example: Doubling Values in an Array
public class ModifyArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
numbers[i] *= 2; // Double each element
}
for (int number : numbers) {
System.out.println(number);
}
}
}
Output
2
4
6
8
10
Common Operations
1. Find the Sum of Array Elements
public class ArraySum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int sum = 0;
for (int number : numbers) {
sum += number;
}
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
}
}
2. Find the Largest Element
public class ArrayMax {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 5, 30, 15};
int max = numbers[0];
for (int number : numbers) {
if (number > max) {
max = number;
}
}
System.out.println("Largest Number: " + max);
}
}
3. Reverse an Array
public class ReverseArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int i = numbers.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.print(numbers[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output
5 4 3 2 1
Practice Problems
- Write a program to find the smallest number in an array using a loop.
- Create a program to count the number of even and odd elements in an array.
- Write a program to sort an array in ascending order using nested loops.
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