C# Logical Operators

Welcome to The Coding College! In this tutorial, we will dive into C# Logical Operators, which are essential for combining conditions and performing logical operations. These operators allow programmers to execute multiple conditions at once and are widely used in decision-making statements.

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What are Logical Operators in C#?

Logical operators in C# are used to combine two or more Boolean expressions (conditions) and return a Boolean value:

• true if the condition(s) are satisfied
• false otherwise

They are primarily used in conditional statements, loops, and logical comparisons.

List of C# Logical Operators

1. Logical AND Operator (&&)

The && operator checks if both conditions are true. If any condition is false, the result will be false.

Example:

int x = 10;
int y = 5;

if (x > 5 && y < 10)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Both conditions are true.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("At least one condition is false.");
}
// Output: Both conditions are true.

2. Logical OR Operator (||)

The || operator checks if at least one condition is true. If both conditions are false, the result will be false.

Example:

int x = 10;
int y = 15;

if (x > 5 || y < 10)
{
    Console.WriteLine("At least one condition is true.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("Both conditions are false.");
}
// Output: At least one condition is true.

3. Logical NOT Operator (!)

The ! operator reverses the result of a Boolean expression:

• true becomes false
• false becomes true

Example:

int x = 10;

if (!(x < 5))
{
    Console.WriteLine("x is not less than 5.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("x is less than 5.");
}
// Output: x is not less than 5.

Combining Logical Operators

You can combine multiple logical operators to form complex conditions. Parentheses () can be used to group conditions for better readability and precedence.

Example:

int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = 30;

if ((a > 5 && b < 25) || c == 30)
{
    Console.WriteLine("The condition is true.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("The condition is false.");
}
// Output: The condition is true.

Logical Operator Precedence

When multiple logical operators are used, their precedence determines the order of execution:

1. ! (Logical NOT)
2. && (Logical AND)
3. || (Logical OR)

To ensure clarity, always use parentheses to control the order explicitly.

Example Without Parentheses:

int x = 10;
int y = 5;

if (x > 5 || y < 10 && y > 2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Condition is true.");
}
// Output: Condition is true.

Example With Parentheses:

if ((x > 5 || y < 10) && y > 2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Condition is true.");
}

Using parentheses improves readability and ensures you get the expected results.

Practical Use Case: Logical Operators

Logical operators are crucial in programming for decision-making. Here’s an example:

Voting Eligibility Check:

int age = 20;
bool hasVoterID = true;

if (age >= 18 && hasVoterID)
{
    Console.WriteLine("You are eligible to vote.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("You are not eligible to vote.");
}
// Output: You are eligible to vote.

Benefits of Using Logical Operators

1. Efficient Condition Handling: Logical operators allow you to handle multiple conditions in a single statement.
2. Simplified Code: Reduces the need for nested if statements.
3. Enhanced Readability: Grouping conditions with &&, ||, and ! improves code clarity.

Practice Exercise

Try solving this problem:

int marks = 85;
bool passedExam = true;

if (marks > 80 && passedExam)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Congratulations! You passed with distinction.");
}
else if (marks >= 50 || passedExam)
{
    Console.WriteLine("You passed the exam.");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("You failed the exam.");
}

Question:

• What will be the output when marks = 85 and passedExam = true?

Conclusion

C# Logical Operators are powerful tools that allow you to evaluate and combine multiple conditions efficiently. By mastering these operators, you can write cleaner, more logical, and optimized code.

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